HotStuff-class BFT Proof-of-Stake
Research into validator coordination that gives every block deterministic finality, with BLS-based cryptographic mechanisms under investigation.
Deterministic finality
Many networks offer only probabilistic finality: a transaction becomes "safer" the longer you wait. MoP's consensus research targets deterministic finality — once a block is committed by a supermajority of stake, it cannot be reverted while fewer than one third of validators are faulty.
Illustrative
Consensus round
- Phase 1
Propose
A rotating leader proposes a block.
- Phase 2
Pre-commit
Validators vote; votes aggregate into a quorum certificate.
- Phase 3
Commit
A second quorum locks the block.
- Phase 4
Finalize
The block is irreversibly final — no probabilistic waiting.
Research components
Byzantine fault tolerance
Safety holds with up to one third of stake faulty or malicious.
BLS signature aggregation
Under research: compact quorum certificates from many validator signatures.
Validator set management
Stake-weighted membership, rotation, and epoch transitions.
Pipelined rounds
Overlapping phases to reduce latency toward a ~1–2 s finality design target.
Leader rotation
Rotating proposers for fairness and liveness under faulty leaders.
Finality certificates
Portable proofs used by XMSG light clients on other chains.
Consensus is at the architecture-design stage. The finality figure is a research target, not a measured result.